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Andretta Stefano, Péquignot Stéphane & Jean-Claude Waquet (eds) (2015), De l'ambassadeur. Les écrits relatifs à l'ambassadeur et à l'art de négocier du Moyen Âge au début du xixe siècle, Rome, École française de Rome. DOI : 10.4000/books.efr.2887
Andretta Stefano, Péquignot Stéphane, Schaub Marie-Karine, Waquet Jean-Claude & Christian Windler (eds) (2010), Paroles de négociateurs. L'entretien dans la pratique diplomatique de la fin du Moyen Âge à la fin du xixe siècle, Rome, École française de Rome.
Anheim Étienne & Pierre Chastang (eds) (2009), Pratiques de l'écrit, Médiévales, vol. 56 [medievales.revues.org/5515].
Gilli, Patrick, "La fonction d'ambassadeur dans les traités juridiques italiens du XVe siècle : l'impossible représentation", in Mélanges de l'Ecole française de Rome. Moyen Âge, 121/1 - 2009, pp. 173-187.
Gilli, Patrick, "Bernard De Rosier et les débuts de la réflexion théorique sur les missions d'ambassade", in Stefano, Péquignot Stéphane & Jean-Claude Waquet (eds) (2015), De l'ambassadeur. Les écrits relatifs à l'ambassadeur et à l'art de négocier du Moyen Âge au début du xixe siècle, Rome, École française de Rome.
Lazzarini, Isabella, Communication and Conflict. Italian Diplomacy in the Early Renaissance (1350-1520), Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2015.
Lazzarini, Isabella, Italian Diplomacy in the Renaissance. A Sourcebook, a cura di M. Azzolini, I. Lazzarini, Durham Medieval and Renaissance Texts, PIMS, Toronto 2017.
Moeglin, Jean-Marie and Péquignot, Stéphane, Diplomatie et "relations internationales" au Moyen Âge (IXe-XVe siècle), PUF (Nouvelle Clio), Paris, 2017.
Perret, Noëlle-Laetitia, Ermolao Barbaro (1454-1493). Le parcours d'un homme, humaniste et ambassadeur vénitien. Éditions Alphil-Presses universitaires suisses, Neuchâtel, 2024.
Exercises:
1. Why do you think it's important that diplomats started writing down their thoughts in the 13th century?
2. What were the main risks faced by ambassadors at that time, and how did they influence perceptions of the diplomatic profession?
3. How did the emergence of theoretical reflection on ambassadorship contribute to the development of generally accepted diplomatic norms?
4. How did medieval diplomacy lay the foundations for certain diplomatic practices that still exist today?
5. What do you think were the challenges faced by ambassadors in the 13th century that still resonate in modern diplomacy?
Video gallery
Ignazio Alessi, Gavino Scala & Noëlle-Laetitia Perret : Les « traités d’ambassadeurs »: expérience personnelle et construction d’un discours normatif (XIII-XVIe siècle) ["The embassador treaties": personal experience and the construction of a normative discourse (XIII-XVI century)]
/author: by Ignazio Alessi, Gavino Scala & Noëlle-Laetitia Perret/
